By Onyeanya Ebere Immaculata
The World Health Organization (WHO), has issued an urgent alert over the global resurgence of chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral disease, following major outbreaks in La Réunion, Mayotte, and Mauritius since March 2025.
Although Nigeria is not currently affected, public health experts warn that the country’s environmental conditions make it highly vulnerable.
WHO reports the outbreaks are rapidly spreading to South and East Asia, mirroring patterns from two decades ago when a chikungunya wave from the Indian Ocean infected nearly 500,000 people worldwide.
The agency described the current trend as “highly concerning,” cautioning that failure to act swiftly could trigger a global public health emergency.
So far in 2025, over 200,000 cases have been reported in the Americas. Approximately 5.6 billion people now live in regions suitable for Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses.
Chikungunya has been detected in 119 countries, with infection rates as high as 75% in communities with low immunity, often overwhelming healthcare systems.
Dr. Diana Rojas-Alvarez, WHO’s Technical Lead for Arboviruses, stressed the need for early preparedness: “We are raising the alarm early so countries can prepare through surveillance, mosquito control, and public awareness to avoid overwhelming health services.”
In Nigeria, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are widespread, particularly in Lagos, Abuja, and other urban centres, where poor drainage and stagnant water provide ideal breeding sites.
Experts warn that urban crowding and the rainy season increase the risk of outbreaks.
With increased international travel, the risk of chikungunya importation into Nigeria is real.
Epidemiologists caution that a single imported case in a densely populated area could trigger a rapid outbreak if surveillance is lacking.
So far, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), has not issued a specific chikungunya alert in 2025.
Chikungunya is transmitted by day-biting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
Symptoms include sudden high fever, severe joint pain, rash, muscle pain, headache, fatigue, and nausea.
While fatalities are rare, newborns, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses are at higher risk.
Some patients experience prolonged arthritis-like joint pain lasting months.
There is no specific antiviral treatment; care focuses on rest, hydration, and pain relief, with aspirin and NSAIDs generally discouraged.
Prevention depends largely on mosquito control: eliminating breeding sites, using repellents, and wearing protective clothing.
First identified in Tanzania in 1952, chikungunya has caused significant outbreaks across Africa, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Europe, and the Americas.
The largest outbreak occurred in India (2005–2006), affecting over 1.9 million people.