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OPINION: The 18-year-old Age Limit for School Certificate

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By Farooq A. Kperogi

 

The directive by education minister Professor Tahir Mamman to the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and the National Examinations Council to not register candidates who are below 18 for next year’s school certificate examinations is generating knee-jerk resistance from people who are obviously nescient of the psychology and philosophy behind age benchmarks in education.

 

In most countries of the world, children don’t start primary school until they are 6, and young adults don’t start university until they are 18. That used to be true in Nigeria, too—until parents chose to skirt the law, upend time-tested tradition, and commit mass child abuse in the name of fast-tracking the education their children.

 

In fact, contrary to what the Nigerian news media has been reporting, Professor Mamman has not created a new law; he is only implementing the existing law. He hasn’t “banned” under-18 students from taking school certificate exams; he has merely chosen to enforce an extant law, which has been serially violated by overeager parents who want their children to get ahead by any means.

 

The 1982 education policy, also called the 6:3:3:4 system, requires that children should be at least 5 years old to start pre-primary school and at least 6 years old to start primary school. If a 6-year-old spends 6 years in primary school, 3 years in junior secondary school, and another 3 years in secondary school, they would be 18 by the time they graduate from secondary school.

 

This is the global standard. In the United States, students apply to enter universities between the ages of 18 and 19 (because if you don’t turn 6 in September of the year you want to start First Grade, you have to wait until next year). In Finland, Canada, the Netherlands, Japan, South Africa, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Denmark, etc. it is 18.

 

The age benchmark isn’t arbitrary. It is based on time-honored insights from developmental psychology and educational research, which examined the cognitive, social, and emotional developments of children.

 

For example, Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development tell us that around age 6, children transition from what is called the preoperational stage to the concrete operational stage, at which point they begin to develop logical thinking, which is essential for learning the structured curriculum of primary school education, such as reading, writing, and mathematics.

 

Research also shows that children develop the social skills needed to interact with peers and teachers in a school environment and the attention span necessary to learn, absorb information, and stay engaged at 6, and that children who start school too early struggle with these skills, which can lead to long-term challenges in academic and social areas.

 

That was why the late Professor Aliu Babatunde Fafunwa was famous for saying any education of children before the age of 5 is a waste of time and even child abuse. From ages 1 through 5, children should be allowed to be children: sleep, play, laugh, and grow.

 

Of course, I recognize that because most mothers now work, enrolling children in schools earlier than is ideal is a necessity. But the busy schedule of parents is no excuse to buck science, ignore the requirements of a well-integrated childhood, and contribute to the mass production of maladjusted adults.

 

Similarly, research in developmental psychology shows that by age 18, most teenagers have reached a level of emotional and social maturity that enables them to live independently, make decisions, and handle the challenges of university life.

 

Neuroscientific research also shows that the brain continues to develop well into the early twenties, particularly the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and planning. By age 18, the brain has typically matured enough to handle the complex cognitive demands of higher education.

 

Plus, in many countries, including in Nigeria, 18 is the age of legal adulthood, which aligns with the transition to university. This legal framework supports the idea that students are ready to take on the responsibilities associated with higher education, such as managing their own time, finances, and education.

 

Of course, as with everything, there are always exceptions. Precocious children can and do skip grades and start university earlier than 18 even in the United States and elsewhere. There are exceptionally gifted children who graduate from university as early as 11. But such students undergo rigorous tests to determine that they have intelligence that is far ahead of normal developmental schedules. They are also few and far between.

 

That’s not the situation in Nigeria. Just like our bad national habit of always wanting to jump the queue—what Americans call cut in line—Nigerian parents have, over the years, developed impatience for the normal development schedules of their children and want them to get ahead against the evidence of science, common sense, and even the law of the land.

 

It is not because their children are exceptional. In fact, they are often mediocre. For example, my brother’s son, who is only 14 years old and with average intelligence, registered to take his WAEC exam this year. I told my brother that was inexcusable child abuse.

 

Nigeria has a bad reputation across the world for sending underage children not just to domestic universities but also to foreign universities. People who work at the International Student and Scholar Services at the university where I am a professor have asked me multiple times why only Nigeria sends underage students here.

 

The consensus is that such students often lack maturity, have difficulty engaging in adult conversations, and struggle to fit in and get the best of the opportunities they have.

 

Several Nigerians who teach at other U.S. universities share the same stories. As I pointed out earlier, here in the United States, like in most other countries of the world, students don’t begin their undergraduate education until they are 18, which also happens to be the age of consent. A student who is under 18, by law, can’t attend several extra-curricular activities undergraduates typically take part in.

 

They need waivers signed by their parents to participate in certain activities, but since their parents are often in Nigeria, they pose logistical nightmares for universities.

 

For example, in the United States, by law, you can’t sign a lease agreement (to rent an apartment) if you are not at least 18 years old. Many underage Nigerian undergraduates at my school require an adult to co-sign for them. Since their parents are in Nigeria, the burden often falls on Nigerian professors and staff, who are understandably reluctant to co-sign leases of underage strangers who could break their agreements and put us in legal jeopardy.

 

Dating is also a treacherous legal minefield for the American classmates of underage Nigerian undergraduates in American universities. Having intimate relationship with anyone who is under 18 is statutory rape, even if it is consensual. I am aware of the story of a 17-year-old second-year Nigerian undergraduate girl who had a disagreement with her boyfriend who was from another African country.

 

Neighbors called the police to intervene. When the police asked for their ID cards, they discovered that the Nigerian girl was underaged. It led to the imprisonment—and later deportation— of the man for statutory rape even when their relationship was consensual. Stories like this are not unique.

 

Unless someone is exceptionally gifted, which should be proved conclusively with special tests, they should not start university earlier than 18. Fortunately, that is already the law, which is informed by the consensus of research findings in developmental psychology, neuroscience, and social research. Professor Mamman has only signaled his readiness to apply the law. He has my full support.

 

I read that the National Parent Teacher Association of Nigeria (NAPTAN) said they would sue the federal government for indicating readiness to implement a law that has been in the books for more than 40 years. Good luck with that!

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Opinion

Tourism Minister Urges Nigerians To Use Cultural Heritage for Wealth Creation

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Tourism minister Lola Ade-John urges Nigerians to uphold and take pride in Nigeria’s vast cultural heritage.

Ms Ade-John made the call during the 2024 edition of the King Kosoko Memorial Lecture held on Sunday.

The event in Lagos also featured a book launch entitled ‘King Kosoko, His Life, His People and His Settlements’, written by the Oloja Elect of Lagos, Abiola Kosoko.

The minister said upholding the nation’s cultural heritage, such as that of the late King Kosoko of Lagos, was important to create wealth. She said this could be done by spurring local and international tourists to learn and experience late Kosoko’s legacies and other past great leaders in Nigeria.

“Today, we honour the enduring legacy of King Kosoko. I am filled with pride and gratitude. Today, we are custodians of history. It is our duty to ensure that the stories of our ancestors, their triumphs and struggles are never lost.

“Let this event be a call to Nigerians everywhere, to embrace our heritage with pride and to invite the world to witness the wonder that is Lagos and the magic that is Nigeria,” she said.

The minister said that Nigeria’s vast culture and tourism potential remained largely untapped.

She said research revealed that 2019 tourism contributed nearly five per cent to the nation’s gross domestic product with just over 1.2 million international visitors.

“Imagine what these figures would look like if our 200 million plus population buy into the idea of domestic travel. Lagos, rich in culture and history, leads this growth. Initiatives like this serve as beacons that can attract even more to our shores.

“The possibilities are endless if we fully tap into the potential of our over 1,000 assets and over 800 festivals. As we leave today, let King Kosoko’s spirit, his courage, vision and love for his people inspire us. I hope this will drive our passion to make Nigeria a global cultural destination,” she said.

The late King Kosoko was the Oba of Lagos between 1845 and 1851.

His insistence on the slave trade was the pretext for the 1851 British bombardment of Lagos, for which he went into exile in Epe.

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Opinion

Ajuri Ngelale: An Affliction Tinubu Finally Got Rid Of 

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By – Mohammed Gambo

The Christianese, “affliction shall not rise the second time”, is an authoritative declaration of an utter end to extreme suffering and perfectly sums up what Ajuri Ngelale, the recently departed Special Adviser on Media and Publicity to the President, represented to the President Bola Tinubu administration.

It has to be stated, though, that hiring Ajuri Ngelale, a bundle of incompetence and a man with narcissistic traits, as a spokesperson , was a self-inflicted injury. It was the first affliction.

 

It was the equivalent of sticking a loaded AK 47 in one’s trousers. Ajuri came to the job with zero or middling pedigree, having never risen beyond the rank of reporter throughout his eight-year spell at both Africa Independent Television (AIT) and Channels Television. He actually joined AIT as a youth corp member in 2013 or thereabout. At the two broadcast outfits, he was sacked for poor work ethic, misdemeanor, disrespect to seniors and inordinate ambition.

 

In HR parlance, his appointment by President Tinubu would be described as a recruitment error. It was a grave error of judgment by those who packaged him for a job he has no competence, capacity, maturity, and qualifications for. For his wobbling and fum one year on the job, Ajuri was a mere impostor who took a job he couldn’t even comprehend, let alone deliver on.

 

That Ajuri lasted a whole year during which he was also appointed Special Envoy on Climate Action, another role that requires top-tier intellectual and attitudinal qualifications, is a hint of the chaos and dysfunction that dog the Tinubu administration itself. A properly structured office with less appetite for sloppiness and incompetence would have booted him out within three months. A young man who needed grooming and training himself was appointed to advise the President, a senior government role that requires deep intellect, exposure, and experience he clearly lacked The headhunters in the Presidency have questions to answer.

 

Professional Pedigree

 

The job Ajuri had requires a vast media network and hefty deposit of goodwill. He had neither. He was, therefore, a wrong hire from the first day. An aggregate experience of eight years at AIT and Channels Television is a grossly inadequate preparation for the acquisition of vast media network and the scale of goodwill needed to function on the job of a Presidential media Adviser.

 

There is no way such low ranking reporter could muster the clout to manage editors, senior journalists and media owners, who are essential and critical success factor for anyone holding the job of a Special Adviser to the President of any country. Ajuri was a product of conspiracy by those who wanted to peddle influence around President Tinubu and were afraid of having strong personalities and people with professional pedigree and integrity.

 

It was established that Chief of Staff, Femi Gbajabiamila, Chairman House of Representatives Committee on Defence, Jimi Benson, sold the idea of Ajuri to Seyi Tinubu. Gbajabiamila was not comfortable having Dele Alake in the Villa because he saw Alake as a stronger personality who has a more respectable and influential relationship with the President. He didn’t want to operate as Chief of Staff under Alake’s shadow and with anyone like Tunde Rahman, who had a closer relationship with the President. They plotted against Alake and Rahman in favour of a yes man. It was like buying a poodle when you need a bulldog.

And ohhhhh! Some ‘Analysts’ have been peddling the misinformation on behalf of Ajuri, that he had worked as Special Adviser on Media to President Yaradua, Vice President Namadi Sambo, President Jonathan and then, President Buhari, before his latest ‘misappointment’ . Now, for a young man of 37 years, nothing can be farther than this to truth. I leave you to do the calculations from 2007 when Yar’adua became President.

 

How Ajuri’s honeymoon evaporated

 

Ajuri came to the Villa with an agenda different from that of his benefactors. Despite coming out in flying colours at being wretched on his job, Ajuri is no multidimensional fool. While those who brought him wanted to use him for decorative purposes, he also planned to use them to gain access. Ajuri was an outsider in the Buhari administration, where he worked in the office of the Vice President as SSA Public Affairs. Those who served in Buhari’s administration said Femi Adesina, Garba Shehu, and Laolu Akande could not tolerate his insolence and delusions.

 

He was described as a supplanter, who would go anywhere and do anything to undermine his seniors just to get ahead. The Buhari media and communications managers pushed him aside, and Laolu Akande didn’t give him any room to operate inside the VP office. For the five years, Ajuri served in Professor Yemi Osinbajo’s office, he was not allowed to have a desk in the VP’s office. He operated out of the office building of Niger Delta Power Holding. He was not allowed to even travel for once, on any official local and foreign trip with Professor Osinbajo.

 

Not long after he got his job as Tinubu’s SA Media, he started undermining the Chief of Staff. He would take a memo directly to the President against the established protocol, which is to route any communication through the office of Chief of Staff. Gbajabiamila and his team were upset when Ajuri announced appointment of five aides without their knowledge. He reportedly went to lie to the President that he couldn’t work with the media aides of the President he met on ground because he had no control over them.

 

He also told the President to allow him have his own team that would be loyal to him. He even forced some media houses to change their Correspondents for his preferred candidates. Such level of breach of protocol that is possible only in a fractured Presidency. Ajuri finally nailed his own coffin with his self-promotion agenda of Special Envoy on Climate Change with omnibus powers that effectively took over the entire function of the Minister of the Environment, who was justifiably livid about being made irrelevant in government. Ajuri also executed the Special Envoy scheme without the knowledge of Gbajabiamila, who brought him to the Villa. The Minister of Environment reportedly asked Gbajabiamila why he gave his job to Ajuri. A flustered Gbajabiamila told the Minister that he knew nothing about the Climate Change job and he only saw the press release like anyone.

 

It was the teeth given to him by Gbajabiamila that he sank into the flesh of the same man and others who got him the job as a presidential spox. The guys who brought him, seeing that he had gotten too big for his breaches, also decided they were going to take him out. He made it easy for them, especially because he was poor at his job.

 

When it was apparent that Ajuri had no capacity to deliver, President Tinubu tapped his long term ally, Bayo Onanuga to help shore up the floundering media and communication machinery of the Villa. It was same Chief of Staff that sat on the appointment for over two months to protect Ajuri. It was after the UAE Visa, the New York NASDAQ Exchange fiasco, and many other avoidable errors that Gbajabiamila finally allowed Bayo Onanuga to come on board.

 

A broke and greedy Ajuri

 

According to Aso Rock Insiders, Ajuri came to the job with a poverty mentality. His ambition was to make tonnes of money. Having arrived broke, he saw the opportunity as one from which he could end up with money pouring out of his ears. He was said to have told people that he was treated badly by Femi Adesina, Garba Shehu and Laolu Akande under the Buhari administration. He said he didn’t make money and could barely pay his rent in Abuja. He spent every day in office scavenging for money, moving from one head of MDA to the other asking for money.

 

The quest for money made him turn the office of SA Media to President to one that announces appointments, birthdays, and obituaries for prominent people who allegedly pay him for his services. Traditionally, appointments for Heads of Agencies were announced by the office of SGF or supervising Ministry, but Ajuri turned it to a honeypot. He would announce different appointments that can be announced in one single press release in different press releases in a day.

 

There was a day he issued 15 press releases from around 3pm to 11pm. Some prolificity. He even went on Twitter to announce that he broke the State House record of the highest number of press releases in a single day. What he broke was his own record of ridiculous and frivolous press releases. For the one year he spent on the job, Ajuri went round collecting money from Ministers and other Heads of Agencies in the name of running the Media and Communication of the Villa without the knowledge of other Media aides.

 

Ajuri’s insecurity and toxicity

 

Ajuri was very insecure on the job, knowing that he is not qualified for the role ab initio. To cover his insecurity, he fought that the nebulous title of Official Spokesman of the President should be added to how he was addressed. Not high enough on his own supply, he added Chief to his official communications materials and press releases. He demanded that colleagues, State House correspondents and civil servants must address him as Chief Ajuri.

 

He wouldn’t accept or read any document where his name is not prefixed by Chief. A man hungry for deference should not be seen offering less. However, he called Bayo Onanuga, a man who graduated from university eight years before he was born, by his first name. Ajuri will probably not pass the qualifying test to work in Onanuga’s company, Independent Communication Network Limited, Publishers of TheNews Magazine, Tempo and PMNews. Onanuga is 30 years older than Ajuri and his father’s age mate.

 

He set the civil servants in his department against each other. He polarized the State House Press Corps and told some of the journalists covering the Villa never to use any statement issued by Bayo Onanuga as he is the sole and official Spokesman of the President. He gave an instruction to the civil servants in the department never to allow any press statement or release issued by Onanuga to be sent out through State Media Media mailing channels. He was a terror to the civil servants, who were afraid of him because they feared he could engineer their posting outside of the Villa.

 

He was constantly reporting other Presidential media aides to the President, Seyi and Chief of Staff until they all got tired of him and told him to mind his own business.

 

The final Straw

 

It was clear that Ajuri came to the government to pursue his own agenda. His five years at the periphery of the Buhari’s government gave him a helicopter view of government and how government platforms can be used for personal gains. He applied himself in that direction. Where he did not apply himself was his job, which he saw only as a means to make money by the shipload and one for glamour. Aso Rock Insiders said when President Tinubu was ready to offload him because of his spectacular failure on the job, he thought that, as a father, he needed to give him a soft landing. This was the reason he allowed his proposal for Special Envoy job. Instead of promoting national interest, he was promoting himself to international interests for personal gain.

 

As a Media Adviser, he also forgot that his job is to promote the principal and his agenda. However, he was promoting himself in the media without restraint and paying millions for front page picture placements. Ajuri knew that his time was up over a month ago. He started moving around, begging for interventions that would lead to the retention of his job. He was initially given a choice to pick between SA Media and Special Envoy on Climate Action as it was no longer tenable that he would hold two senior positions.

 

Knowing that it is the SA Media job that can keep him inside Villa, he opted to drop the Special Envoy job. By the time he was ready to retain the media job, the boat had sailed. Nobody wanted him for the media job again because he is clueless at it and has the charisma of a plank of wood.

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Opinion

Soaring High: Why Ekiti Airport Is A Vision For The Future!

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By Adeoye Aribasoye

To the critics of the cargo airport initiated by Governor Kayode Fayemi in Ekiti State, it’s time to reconsider the monumental impact this project could have on our landlocked state. Establishing an airport is not just about aviation; it’s about unlocking opportunities, enhancing connectivity, and fostering growth that we desperately need.

As a landlocked state, Ekiti faces unique challenges in accessing markets and resources. An airport will not only facilitate trade but also boost medical tourism, particularly with the exceptional services offered at the Afe Babalola University Multi-Purpose Hospital. Imagine the possibilities for students and professionals traveling easily to and from the Ekiti Knowledge Zone and innovation hub, creating an environment ripe for creativity and collaboration. As said by Eleanor Roosevelt, “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.”

Part of the concerns raised against the project was issue of Ado – Akure road. It is important to state that an airport in Ekiti and reconstructing the Ado-Akure road are not mutually exclusive; both projects are vital for our development. If we assume that the airport cost approximately N20b, it is still significantly less than the N93 billion allocated for the Ado-Akure road reconstruction, which is still likely to see cost increases due to economic factors from the 2022 estimate when $ was N450 to now when it is N1600. Remember Governor Fayemi worked tirelessly to secure funding through the African Development Bank, it was his collaboration with the likes of Mele Kyari of NNPC, Mohammed Nami of FIRS and the then Minister of Works, Tunde Fashola that ultimately made the road’s reconstruction possible.

While the Ado-Akure road is indeed crucial, it’s important to recognize that the average lifespan of such roads is only 15-20 years. In contrast, the airport infrastructure will last much longer and provide long-term benefits, positioning Ekiti as a hub for trade, tourism, and innovation for generations to come. Without any scintilla of doubt, the airport infrastructure will provide a lasting legacy for future generations. We should remind ourselves of Akure Airport, built in 1981, which has not received any significant upgrades since its inception, yet planes have been landing there consistently. The cost of the Ekiti Airport, at roughly $12 million, makes it one of the most affordable airport projects globally. If we delay this initiative, costs could soar, potentially exceeding N60 billion due to inflation and rising material prices—an opportunity that would likely elude us.

Also, when some Nigerians say there are too many airports in Nigeria, in fact I believe we don’t have nearly enough. A quick google search will show that Nigeria has one of the lowest number of airport per population in the world when you compare with the US that has 14,000 plus airports, Brazil with over 4,000, Mexico with over 1400 and Indonesia with over 700 just to mention a few.

Moreover, the desirability of the airport extends beyond immediate benefits. An airport serves as a magnet for further developments, as evidenced by the establishment of a Nigeria Air Force base in Ekiti. Without the investment in the airport, the NAF would likely not have chosen to set up a base here. This exemplifies how PREPARATION meets OPPORTUNITY.

On the cost-benefit analysis, it’s clear that Ekiti did not suffer in the short term due to the airport’s construction. Governors Fayemi and Oyebanji prioritized social investments and human capital development, ensuring salaries and pensions were consistently paid. Both administrations implemented free education and health programs, while Fayemi introduced social security benefits for the elderly and launched initiatives like the youth in commercial agriculture scheme and the youth volunteer scheme, all while developing roads, water, and power infrastructure.

Finally, all Ekiti Governors, from Gov. Segun Oni to Gov. Oyebanji, regardless of their varying political affiliations, recognized the significance of establishing the airport as a way to connect Ekiti to the broader world. Praise is due to those who courageously realized this shared aspiration for the state.

Those who fail to grasp this comprehensive approach may remain critical, but posterity will vindicate those who courageously and selflessly propelled Ekiti beyond pedestrian politics.

It is time to champion this vision together!

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